Begin Quote I'm not convinced by the 'wind resistance' argument. (As others have pointed out, the wind is often at your back when running outdoors.) End Quote
If you end up where you started, you can bet the wind will even out, other than that which the runner adds. However I don't have any real information, but I believe it is a much smaller effect than suggested.
Begin Quote There is a difference between keeping your body mass still as you do on a treadmill, and propelling that same mass across the terrain.* End Quote
No. Lets look at a basic law of physics. 'A body at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted on by some force. - A body in motion will stay in motion, at the same speed and direction, unless acted on by some force. This is very basic physics.
On a treadmill you body is not moving (relative to the earth) other than up and down as you run. When running your body is moving (relative to the earth) but not increasing or decreasing speed, other than up and down as you run. There is no energy being used when running that is not being used on the treadmill. (Note I will allow a small use of energy when running consumed when taking that first and last step which will increase your speed and decrease your speed. There is also some additional adjustment needed for turns.
Begin Quote * DISCLAIMER: THE VIEWS OF THE AUTHOR ARE NOT THOSE OF AN ACTUAL PHYSCIST. End Quote
Clearly.